- The Role of CYP2B6*6 Gene Polymorphisms in 3,5,6-Trichloro-2-pyridinol Levels as a Biomarker of Chlorpyrifos Toxicity Among Indonesian Farmers
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Jen Fuk Liem, Dwi A. Suryandari, Safarina G. Malik, Muchtaruddin Mansyur, Dewi S. Soemarko, Aria Kekalih, Imam Subekti, Franciscus D. Suyatna, Bertha Pangaribuan
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J Prev Med Public Health. 2022;55(3):280-288. Published online May 16, 2022
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.21.641
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 Abstract
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- Objectives
One of the most widely used pesticides today is chlorpyrifos (CPF). Cytochrome P450 (CYP)2B6, the most prominent catalyst in CPF bioactivation, is highly polymorphic. The objective of our study was to evaluate the role of CYP2B6*6, which contains both 516G>T and 785A>G polymorphisms, in CPF toxicity, as represented by the concentration of 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCPy), among vegetable farmers in Central Java, Indonesia, where CPF has been commonly used.
Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted among 132 vegetable farmers. Individual socio-demographic and occupational characteristics, as determinants of TCPy levels, were obtained using a structured interviewer-administered questionnaire and subsequently used to estimate the cumulative exposure level (CEL). TCPy levels were detected with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. CYP2B6*6 gene polymorphisms were analyzed using a TaqMan® SNP Genotyping Assay and Sanger sequencing. Linear regression analysis was performed to analyze the association between TCPy, as a biomarker of CPF exposure, and its determinants.
Results
The prevalence of CYP2B6*6 polymorphisms was 31% for *1/*1, 51% for *1/*6, and 18% for *6/*6. TCPy concentrations were higher among participants with CYP2B6*1/*1 than among those with *1/*6 or *6/*6 genotypes. CYP2B6*6 gene polymorphisms, smoking, CEL, body mass index, and spraying time were retained in the final linear regression model as determinants of TCPy.
Conclusions
The results suggest that CYP2B6*6 gene polymorphisms may play an important role in influencing susceptibility to CPF exposure. CYP2B6*6 gene polymorphisms together with CEL, smoking habits, body mass index, and spraying time were the determinants of urinary TCPy concentrations, as a biomarker of CPF toxicity.
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Summary
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Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by  - Human CYP2C19 Substrate and Inhibitor Characterization of Organophosphate Pesticides
Patricia A. Vignaux, Pratik Shriwas, Andre Revnew, Garima Agarwal, Thomas R. Lane, Craig A. McElroy, Sean Ekins
Chemical Research in Toxicology.2023; 36(9): 1451. CrossRef - The determinants of thyroid function among vegetable farmers with primary exposure to chlorpyrifos: A cross-sectional study in Central Java, Indonesia
Jen Fuk Liem, Imam Subekti, Muchtaruddin Mansyur, Dewi S. Soemarko, Aria Kekalih, Franciscus D. Suyatna, Dwi A. Suryandari, Safarina G. Malik, Bertha Pangaribuan
Heliyon.2023; 9(6): e16435. CrossRef
- Coping Mechanisms Utilized by Drug Addicts in Overcoming Challenges During the Recovery Process: A Qualitative Meta-Synthesis
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Agus Setiawan, Junaiti Sahar, Budi Santoso, Muchtaruddin Mansyur, Syamikar Baridwan Syamsir
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Received January 22, 2024 Accepted March 23, 2024 Published online May 3, 2024
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.24.042
[Accepted]
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Abstract
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- Objectives
Recovery from drug addiction frequently presents difficulties for addicts. The coping mechanisms drug addicts employ to resist temptations and deal with stress are an important part of this healing process. The purpose of this study is to investigate the coping mechanisms or ways drug addicts employ to manage stress and temptations while undergoing treatment.
Methods
A qualitative meta-synthesis method is used in this work to critically assess pertinent qualitative studies. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) 2020 is the guideline for article search, and it applies to four academic databases: Scopus, PubMed, ProQuest, and CINAHL. Based on predetermined inclusion criteria, the assessed studies comprise research published between 2014 and 2023. The CASP (Critical Appraisal Skills Programme) Qualitative Studies Checklist is used to gauge the quality of studies. This study was registered in PROSPERO (International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews) with the registration number CRD42024497789.
Results
Five major themes are found from thirteen qualifying qualitative articles to illustrate the different coping mechanisms used by drug users in their quest for recovery. Seeking Social Support is one of these five topics, along with Psychological Coping Strategies, Spiritual Experiences, Professional Interventions, and Awareness Enhancement.
Conclusion
Drug addicts' coping mechanisms play a critical role in assisting them in resisting stress and temptations during their recovery. Healthcare professionals are among the medical specialists who can create more comprehensive and successful plans to help drug users on their road to recovery.
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